Waterproofing below-ground concrete is a critical aspect of construction that safeguards buildings’ structural integrity and longevity. Given that concrete is naturally porous, it is vulnerable to moisture infiltration, which can lead to significant damage over time.
Waterproofing prevents water from penetrating the surface, thus reducing the risk of cracks, corrosion of steel reinforcements, and structural failure.
In addition to improving durability, waterproofing helps comply with building regulations, enhances energy efficiency, and lowers maintenance costs, making it an essential investment for residential and commercial properties.
Let’s get straight to the point.
Waterproofing below-ground concrete is essential to prevent water infiltration, leading to structural damage, corrosion of steel reinforcements, and costly repairs. It also increases durability, preserves aesthetic appeal, and ensures compliance with building codes.
Waterproofing offers energy efficiency, mould prevention, and increased property value. Different methods, such as crystalline waterproofing, membranes, and sealers, can protect concrete.
Pre-applied membranes and injection grouting are commonly used in high-risk areas to prevent cracks and water damage.
Key Benefits Of Waterproofing Concrete
Waterproofing concrete offers a range of crucial benefits that enhance buildings’ longevity and structural integrity. It is particularly vital in regions prone to moisture infiltration, such as those with high water tables or where urbanisation has pushed development into flood-prone areas. Below, we dive deeper into the key advantages:
1. Increased Durability
One of the primary benefits of waterproofing concrete is enhanced durability. Concrete is a porous material by nature. Water can seep through its surface without adequate protection and cause significant damage over time. This weakens the structure and can lead to cracks and other issues.
Waterproofing creates a barrier that stops moisture from penetrating the concrete. This reduces the chance of damage caused by repeated freezing and thawing cycles, particularly important in areas with fluctuating temperatures. This protection ensures that the structure retains its strength for a longer period, reducing the frequency and costs of repairs.
Moreover, waterproofing helps preserve concrete’s aesthetic appeal. Over time, moisture can lead to unsightly stains, mould growth, or efflorescence (a chalky white residue caused by water bringing salts to the surface). Waterproofed concrete maintains its original appearance by preventing water penetration, making it a preferred choice for functional and decorative structures.
2. Prevention Of Structural Damage
Waterproofing is important in preventing structural damage by protecting embedded steel reinforcements within the concrete. When water infiltrates the concrete, it can reach the steel rebars (reinforcing bars), causing them to rust and corrode. The corrosion process expands the steel, stressing the surrounding concrete and leading to cracks or, in severe cases, complete structural failure.
Steel reinforcement corrosion is particularly problematic when concrete is regularly exposed to moisture, such as basements, foundations, and walls in contact with the soil. By waterproofing these structures, you effectively block the path of water, protecting the concrete and its steel components from the damaging effects of moisture.
In addition, concrete that is left exposed to moisture without waterproofing can suffer from erosion. Over time, water erodes the surface layer, exposing the inner matrix and causing it to break down. This process weakens the overall structure, leading to more significant problems such as cracks, sinking, and even collapse. Waterproofing preserves the concrete’s strength and maintains stability under various environmental conditions.
3. Compliance With Building Codes
Another key benefit of waterproofing concrete in many regions is compliance with building codes. Local authorities often require waterproofing measures, particularly in high-risk areas where moisture infiltration is more likely, such as flood plains or low-lying areas.
Failure to comply with waterproofing regulations can result in legal penalties, expensive retrofitting work, and the potential failure of the structure itself. Waterproofing concrete ensures compliance with these essential regulations and gives homeowners, developers, and contractors peace of mind, knowing that their projects meet all safety and performance standards.
Moreover, many insurance companies require proof of proper waterproofing measures in high-risk areas before offering coverage. Properly waterproofed structures are seen as lower risk, which can lead to reduced insurance premiums. Thus, waterproofing not only meets legal requirements but also provides financial benefits in the long term.
Other Benefits Of Waterproofing Concrete
Beyond these key advantages, waterproofing concrete offers additional benefits that can make a significant difference to the overall performance and value of a building:
- Energy Efficiency: By preventing moisture from seeping into a building, waterproofing helps maintain stable indoor temperatures. Dry structures are better insulated, reducing the energy needed for heating and cooling, which can lead to lower energy bills.
- Protection Against Mould and Mildew: Moist environments encourage the growth of mould and mildew, which can cause health issues for occupants. Waterproofing prevents moisture build-up, keeping the indoor environment dry and free from harmful microbial growth.
- Increased Property Value: Homes and commercial properties with waterproofed foundations and basements are more attractive to buyers. A waterproofed building is seen as well-maintained and less prone to issues like flooding, leaks, and structural damage, which increases its overall value.
- Low Maintenance Costs: Waterproofing reduces the need for costly repairs associated with water damage. Cracks, spalling (flaking), and leaks are common problems in unprotected concrete structures; fixing them can be time-consuming and expensive. By waterproofing at the outset, building owners can avoid these maintenance headaches.
When To Use Waterproof Concrete?
Waterproof concrete, often referred to as integral or integrated waterproof concrete, is suitable for structures where high levels of moisture are anticipated. It is ideal for use in non-essential areas like basements, carports, and workshops, where some dampness is acceptable.
In contrast, additional waterproofing measures like membranes may be needed for spaces that require a completely dry environment—such as storage areas or habitable rooms. Waterproof membranes, applied before pouring concrete, offer higher protection, especially for deep basements and utility areas that must stay dry.
The Benefits Of Pre-Applied Waterproof Membranes
Pre-applied membranes are installed before the concrete is poured, offering comprehensive protection against water ingress. They are particularly useful for high-risk areas like basements, where water pressure is a concern.
These membranes bond with the concrete, preventing lateral water migration even if cracks form due to settling or ground movement.
- Durability: Pre-applied membranes can handle structural defects like cracks while maintaining waterproofing properties.
- Health protection: Some membranes also provide a barrier against harmful gases, making them ideal for building on contaminated ground.
Methods For Repairing Waterproof Concrete
Concrete often develops cracks over time due to various factors, including shrinkage, ground movement, and thermal expansion. Even minor cracks can allow water to seep in, leading to bigger issues if addressed.
Injection Grouting
One common method to repair cracks in waterproof concrete is injection grouting. This involves injecting a waterproof material into the cracks, effectively sealing them from moisture. This process is essential for structures like basements, where leaks can cause expensive damage and create unhealthy conditions due to mould and mildew growth.
Common Types Of Concrete Waterproofing Methods
There are several types of waterproofing systems available, each with its unique benefits:
Crystalline Concrete Waterproofing
This method incorporates waterproofing agents into the concrete, making it a permanent solution. As water comes into contact with the concrete, it triggers a reaction that causes crystals to form within its pores. These crystals block the pores, preventing water from entering the structure.
- Permanent protection: Once in place, the crystalline structure ensures no water can infiltrate the concrete.
- Self-sealing: Crystalline waterproofing can heal small cracks by forming more crystals over time.
Penetrating And Coating Sealers
- Penetrating sealers react chemically with concrete, forming a waterproof barrier beneath the surface. They are ideal for surfaces where a natural finish is desired.
- Coating sealers: These are applied to the surface, forming a protective film. They are an excellent choice for high-traffic areas and are available in clear and coloured options.
Both types of sealers may require reapplication after a certain period to maintain their effectiveness.
Concrete Waterproofing Membranes
- Sheet membranes: Applied over the concrete to create a waterproof layer, sheet membranes are highly durable and effective. Proper installation, including ensuring overlap at seams, is crucial for longevity.
- Liquid membranes: These are applied with a roller, brush, or spray gun. They form a seamless barrier ideal for complex shapes or areas with many penetrations.
Cementitious Waterproofing
This traditional method uses a mixture of cement, bonding agents, and additives to create a waterproof coating. It’s a durable, cost-effective solution for water treatment plants or retaining walls.
Conclusion
In conclusion, waterproofing below-ground concrete is critical for any structure’s longevity, safety, and value. Preventing moisture infiltration protects against structural damage and corrosion, ensures compliance with building codes, reduces maintenance costs, and enhances energy efficiency.
Proper waterproofing safeguards buildings from potential issues for residential or commercial projects, making it an essential aspect of modern construction in moisture-prone environments.
FAQs About Waterproof Concrete
Can You Make Concrete Waterproof?
Integral concrete waterproofing systems can be densifiers, water repellents or crystalline admixtures. Densifiers react with the calcium hydroxide formed in hydration, creating another by-product that increases concrete density and slows water migration.
How Do You Permanently Waterproof Concrete?
The most common way to waterproof concrete is to use a liquid waterproofing product specifically designed for that purpose. Liquid waterproofing gel is a thick substance that turns into a rubber-like coating once applied to the outside of a concrete wall.
What Type Of Concrete Is Waterproof?
Waterproof concrete (also called integral concrete) is generally best for water-retaining structures and less critical basements less than 10 meters deep, where soil conditions are not aggressive, and the consequences of flooding are less severe.
What Do You Add To Waterproof Concrete?
Fortunately, there is an effective solution to this problem: cement mix. A cement mix is a fluid that replaces water when mixing mortar or concrete. You can add cement mix directly into the mixing container, bucket, or cement mill in the same proportion as you would use water.
Can You Seal Concrete To Make It Waterproof?
After you complete a concrete job, please don’t neglect the most important step to ensure it lasts a lifetime: sealing. With a high-quality sealant and this helpful guide, you can waterproof and protect your new concrete surfaces for years.
